La Maison aux sept pignons by Nathaniel Hawthorne

Additional interviews were conducted with 80 adult out-migrants from the Peninsula brief surveys were also done of tourists, long-term campers, holiday home owners, and resident school children on Banks Peninsula. These became apparent in phenomenological and statistical analyses of responses from 270 adult residents of Banks Peninsula, New Zealand, of both Maori and European descent.

Sequential stages in the development of a sense of place were most evident among those who were raised in the place and spent most of their lives there: embryonic (childhood to adolescent) commitment (early to mid adulthood) and culmination (mid adulthood to old age). Modern society, due especially to high levels of residential mobility, tends to develop more of a partial or personal sense of place among its members. Interactions were found among place and pair bonds, and multigenerational patterns were noted for ancestral and cultural senses of place, with sense of place styles passed from parent to child. Being raised in the place affected feelings of rootedness, particularly for Maori peoples who have ties to tribal territory. Three contexts are used to examine the development of sense of place: residential status in the place (superficial, partial, personal, ancestral, and cultural senses of place) age stage, as in development across the life cycle, using a psychodynamic model (after Erikson and Vaillant) and development of the adult pair bond, most often in marriage. Insider status and local ancestry are important toward the development of a more rooted sense of place. Sense of place differs from place attachment by considering the social and geographical context of place bonds and the sensing of places, such as aesthetics and a feeling of dwelling.

La Maison aux sept pignons by Nathaniel Hawthorne